CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTED SANDS A CASE STUDY IN NIGER DELTA (REVIEW)

ABSTRACT

This study is aimed at using the characteristics of polluted soil to delineate different soil

layers and deduce ways of providing remediation to the problems generated as a

result of soil pollution using Electrical Resistivity Method.

An inversion of the measured apparent resistivity values using a computer program was carried

out to determine the true subsurface resistivity. This method was used to

estimate the lateral and vertical extend to which a particular soil has been

contaminated by oil or hydrocarbon. In the analysis of the horizontal extent of

contamination, the horizontal resistivity profiling (HRP) was applied while in

the vertical extent, the vertical electrical sounding (VES) was applied. Sandy

soil polluted by crude oil indicated increases in resistivity with increase in

percentages of pollution resulting probably from their individual density which

makes it difficult to penetrate through the sand molecules despite the soil’s

porosity. Silty soil showed increase in resistivity with increasing percentage

of pollution for all the pollutants and polluted clay soil indicated total

increment in resistivity with increasing percentage pollution for all the

pollutants, probably because of its high permeability and low porosity from the

results.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of study…………………………………………………………1

1.2 Aim of study………………………………………………………………………2

1.3 Problems of study……………………………………………………………….2

1.4 Significance of study…………………………………………………………2

1.5 Location and Geology of the study area………………………….3-5

1.6 Definition of Terms………………………………………………………….5-11

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Related works……………………………………………………………………12-17

2.2 Theory of electrical resistivity method…………………………….17-19

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Materials……………………………………………………………………….20-22

3.2 Methods………………………………………………………………………..22

3.3 Procedure……………………………………………………………………..22-23

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS

4.1 Resistivity of sand and polluted sandy soil……………….24-25

4.2 Resistivity of silt and polluted silty soil……………………..25

4.3 Resistivity of clayey and polluted clayey soil…………….25-26

4.4 Remediation methods…………………………………………………26-28

4.5 Characterization of the Contaminated Zone……………..28

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….29

References

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APA

YGyrzIB5c00070f5c42e0.61720344, 3. (2018). CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTED SANDS A CASE STUDY IN NIGER DELTA (REVIEW). Afribary. Retrieved from https://beta.afribary.com/works/characteristics-of-polluted-sands-a-case-study-in-niger-delta-review-4179

MLA 8th

YGyrzIB5c00070f5c42e0.61720344, 3dWkc3T5c00070f5b8114.76252622 "CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTED SANDS A CASE STUDY IN NIGER DELTA (REVIEW)" Afribary. Afribary, 29 Jan. 2018, https://beta.afribary.com/works/characteristics-of-polluted-sands-a-case-study-in-niger-delta-review-4179. Accessed 24 Apr. 2025.

MLA7

YGyrzIB5c00070f5c42e0.61720344, 3dWkc3T5c00070f5b8114.76252622 . "CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTED SANDS A CASE STUDY IN NIGER DELTA (REVIEW)". Afribary, Afribary, 29 Jan. 2018. Web. 24 Apr. 2025. < https://beta.afribary.com/works/characteristics-of-polluted-sands-a-case-study-in-niger-delta-review-4179 >.

Chicago

YGyrzIB5c00070f5c42e0.61720344, 3dWkc3T5c00070f5b8114.76252622 . "CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTED SANDS A CASE STUDY IN NIGER DELTA (REVIEW)" Afribary (2018). Accessed April 24, 2025. https://beta.afribary.com/works/characteristics-of-polluted-sands-a-case-study-in-niger-delta-review-4179

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTED SANDS A CASE STUDY IN NIGER DELTA (REVIEW)

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